Penggunaan Metformin terhadap Kejadian Efek Samping Mual Muntah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v5i3.3077Keywords:
Metformin, Mual, Muntah, Diabetes MelitusAbstract
Metformin merupakan obat yang paling sering direkomendasikan sebagai terapi diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penyerapan metformin terjadi di saluran pencernaan menyebabkan salah satu manifestasi efek samping dari penggunaannya berupa mual dan muntah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengulas beberapa literatur terkait efek samping mual muntah setelah penggunaan obat metformin pada pasien diabetes melitus. Metode yang digunakan yaitu literature review dengan menggunakan data primer berupa artikel ilmiah, dilakukan penelusuran melalui database Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, atau PubMed dengan rentang tahun terbit 5-10 tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan analisis jurnal yang telah dilakukan bahwa efek samping yang paling sering terjadi adalah gangguan gastrointestinal seperti mual, muntah, diare, dan rasa tidak nyaman pada perut, namun kebanyakan pasien mengalami efek samping gejala gangguan gastrointestinal seperti mual dan muntah. Metformin banyak terakumulasi di usus sehingga menyebabkan efek samping mual dan muntah karena metformin dapat meningkatkan motilitas usus dengan berperan sebagai agonis serotonin. Efek samping dapat diminimalkan dengan penyesuain dosis, diminum bersama makan, atau penggunaan sediaan extended release.
References
Baker, C. et al. (2021) ‘Should metformin remain the first-line therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes?’, Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 12, p. 204201882098022. doi:10.1177/2042018820980225.
Buse, J.B. et al. (2016) ‘The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies’, Diabetes Care, 39(2), pp. 198–205. doi:10.2337/dc15-0488.
DiPiro, Joseph T., Yee, Gary C., Posey, L. Michael, Haines, Stuart T., Nolin, Thomas D., & Ellingrod, Vicki. (2020). Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, Eleventh Edition. Mc-Graw Hill.
Goodman, L.S. et al. (eds) (2011) Goodman & Gilman’s pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Jabbour S, Ziring B. (2011). Advantages of extended?release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med;123:15?23.
Kim CH, Han KA, Oh HJ, Tan KE, Sothiratnam R, Tjokroprawiro A, et al. (2012). Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of metformin extended-release oral antidiabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational trial in Asia. J Diabetes; 4:395?406.
McCreight LJ, Bailey CJ, Pearson ER. (2016). Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract. Diabetologia; 59:426?35.
McCreight, L.J. et al. (2018) ‘Pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with gastrointestinal intolerance’, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(7), pp. 1593–1601. doi:10.1111/dom.13264.
Minamii, T., Nogami, M. and Ogawa, W. (2018) ‘Mechanisms of metformin action: In and out of the gut’, Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 9(4), pp. 701–703. doi:10.1111/jdi.12864.
Perkeni. (2015). Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia. PERKENI: Jakarta.
Pusdatin Kemenkes RI. (2020). Infodatin: Tetap Produktif, Cegah dan Atasi Diabetes Melitus. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia:Jakarta
Putra, R.J.S. and Achmad, A. (2017) ‘Kejadian Efek Samping Potensial Terapi Obat Anti Diabetes Pasien Diabetes Melitus Berdasarkan Algoritma Naranjo’, p. 6.
Rena, G., Hardie, D.G. and Pearson, E.R. (2017) ‘The mechanisms of action of metformin’, Diabetologia, 60(9), pp. 1577–1585. doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4342-z.
Riwu, dkk. (2015). ‘The Correlation of Age Factor, Administration, and Metformin Dose Against Risk of Side Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus’, Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 4(3), pp. 151–161. doi:10.15416/ijcp.2015.4.3.151.
Sadeeqa, S. et al. (2019) 'PREVALENCE OF METFORMIN-INDUCED GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS’, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research, 76(6), pp. 1073–1077. doi:10.32383/appdr/111968.
Scotton, W.J., et al. (2019). Serotonin Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Management, and Potential Future Directions. International Journal of Tryptophan Research. Vol. 12 doi: 10.1177/1178646919873925
Siavash, M. et al. (2017) ‘Severity of gastrointestinal side effects of metformin tablet compared to metformin capsule in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’, Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice, 6(2), p. 73. doi:10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_17_2.
Vural, H.Z. (2018) ‘Metformin-Assoc?ated Lactic Acidosis Caused By A Suicide Attempt’, SiSli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni / The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Hospital [Preprint]. doi:10.14744/SEMB.2018.35582.
Yuxin, H. et al. (2020) ‘Comparison of gastrointestinal adverse events with different doses of metformin in the treatment of elderly people with type 2 diabetes’, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 45(3), pp. 470–476. doi:10.1111/jcpt.13087.
Zhu, H. et al. (2013) ‘Comparative efficacy of glimepiride and metformin in monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials’, Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 5(1), p. 70. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-70.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Lestari Wahyu Herawati, Noor Syam Sidiq Himawan, Kusmini Kusmini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
