Profil Fungsi Ginjal Pasien Covid-19 Derajat Berat dengan Acute Kidney Injury terhadap Mortalitas di Unit Perawatan Intensif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i1.3683Keywords:
Acute Kidney Injury, Covid-19, Mortalitas, Unit Perawatan IntensifAbstract
Peningkatan kasus Covid-19 menjadikan perawatan di unit perawatan intensif sebagai upaya dalam penanganan kasus Covid-19 dengan derajat berat dan kritis. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reseptor ACE-2 tidak hanya terdapat di paru-paru melainkan ditemukan juga di ginjal. Infeksi virus Covid-19 dapat menyebabkan gagal ginjal akut yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan nilai ureum dan kreatinin. Beberapa studi menunjukkan insiden Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) pada pasien Covid-19 yang dirawat di ruang perawatan intensif cukup tinggi yaitu 2.9% - 29%. Tujuan penelitian ini memberikan gambaran fungsi ginjal pasien Covid-19 derajat berat dan kritis saat masuk ke unit perawatan intensif serta melihat persentase yang mengalami AKI terhadap mortalitas. Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dilakukan di RS UKRIDA terhadap 168 pasien Covid-19 derajat berat dan kritis yang dirawat di Unit Perawatan Intensif dengan periode bulan Desember 2020 - September 2021. Data penelitian diambil dari rekam medis elektronik dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan SPSS MacOS versi 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usia rata-rata 59.74 ± 12.46 tahun, laki-laki sebanyak 93 pasien (55.3%) dengan rerata IMT adalah 27.24 ± 4.73. Komorbid paling sering ditemukan adalah hipertensi dengan jumlah 94 pasien (55.9%). Kadar kreatinin baseline (1.08 ± 0.63), kadar ureum (55.82 ± 43,15) dan kreatinin (1.12 ± 0.74) saat admisi di unit perawatan intensif. Prevalensi AKI adalah 10.7% dengan tingkat mortalitas AKI berdasarkan GFR adalah 63.6% dan berdasarkan serum kreatinin adalah 77.8% Badai sitokin yang terjadi akibat infeksi virus Covid-19 dapat berdampak langsung maupun tidak langsung pada ginjal sehingga pasien AKI yang berat dapat meningkat mortalitas pasien Covid-19. Deteksi dini AKI dan intervensi terapi pengganti ginjal yang dilakukan secara cepat dan tepat dapat meningkatkan luaran yang baik.
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