Dampak Kesehatan dan Sosial dari Pernikahan Usia Dini pada Perempuan di Negara Berkembang: A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v7i2.8065Keywords:
Pernikahan Dini, Pernikahan Anak, Pernikahan Remaja, Dampak Sosial, Dampak KesehatanAbstract
Pernikahan dini merupakan salah satu bentuk dari kekerasan dan pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak anak hal ini dikarenakan praktik pernikahan dini terjadi pada usia <18 tahun yang sehingga memicu adanya kekerasan yang dialami seperti kekerasan seksual. Pernikahan usia dini banyak terjadi di negara-negara berkembang seperti Afrika, India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Nepal maupun Indonesia. Tujuan Studi ini untuk menelaah pustaka-pustaka terdahulu serta mengumpulkan data-data mengenai “Dampak Pernikahan Dini pada Perempuan dari Aspek Kesehatan dan Sosial di Negara Berkembang. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode scoping review dengan framework Arskey dan O’Malley. Tinjauan sistematis dilakukan dengan database online yaitu PubMed, Willey, ProQuest, serta menggunakan Grey Literature dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang telah ditentukan, kemudian artikel-artikel tersebut disaring berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan hasil sejumlah 26 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa pernikahan dini memiliki dampak yang serius terhadap kesehatan dan kehidupan sosial perempuan seperti terjadinya penyakit menular seksual, kanker serviks, preeklampsia dan komplikasi selama kehamilan dan persalinan, maupun terganggunya kesehatan mental seperti stress dan kecemasan. Dampak dari aspek sosial yang ditemukan dalam telaah literatur yaitu adanya diskriminasi gender, putus sekolah, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, dan rendahnya otonomi dalam pengambilan keputusan. Selain itu, dalam telaah artikel ditemukan faktor yang mempengaruhi adanya praktik pernikahan dini yang dialami oleh perempuan yaitu sosiodemografi, pendidikan, social-ekonomi, budaya, ideologi patriarki, orang tua dan marriage by acident (MBA), agama dan Ancaman terhadap tatanan sosial dan perlindungan social. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya komplikasi selama hamil dan persalinan merupakan dampak dari pernikahan dini yang sering dialami oleh perempuan. Selain itu diskriminasi gender merupakan hal yang sering dirasakan oleh perempuan-perempuan yang menikah diusia <18 tahun di berbagai negara berkembang.
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