Peran Protein Agregat Α-Synuclein dalam Neurodegenerasi: Tinjauan Literatur tentang Penyakit Parkinson dan Kondisi Terkait
Keywords:
a-Synuclein, Neurodegenerasi, Penyakit Parkinson, Agregasi Protein, SinukleinopatiAbstract
Neurodegenerasi adalah proses patologis kompleks yang melibatkan berbagai mekanisme biologis yang menyebabkan kematian progresif sel saraf. Penyakit Parkinson (PD) dan kondisi terkait, seperti Demensia dengan Badan Lewy (DLB) serta Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), dikategorikan sebagai sinukleinopati, yang ditandai dengan akumulasi abnormal protein α-synuclein. Agregasi α-synuclein diyakini berperan dalam patogenesis penyakit ini dengan mengganggu fungsi sinaps, menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria, serta memicu respons inflamasi yang berkontribusi terhadap degenerasi neuron. Selain itu, α-synuclein memiliki sifat "prion-like" yang memungkinkan penyebarannya antar sel saraf, mempercepat progresi penyakit. Berbagai strategi terapeutik telah dikembangkan untuk menargetkan agregasi dan toksisitas α-synuclein, termasuk penggunaan antibodi monoklonal, inhibitor agregasi protein, serta terapi berbasis gen. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau peran α-synuclein dalam neurodegenerasi, mekanisme molekuler yang mendasarinya, serta potensi terapi masa depan dalam menangani sinukleinopati.
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