Terapi Oksigen High Flow Nasal Cannula (Kanula Hidung Arus Tinggi) pada Pasien Kritis Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i1.2829Keywords:
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Covid-19, Critically ill, High Flow Nasal Cannula, HypoxemiaAbstract
Wabah novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) yang pertama kali ditemukan di China telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Manifestasi klinis yang muncul pada pasien dimulai dari asimptomatik sampai simptomatik gejala ringan dan berat. Pasien yang awalnya memiliki gejala ringan dan sedang yang dirawat diruangan biasa dapat berlanjut menjadi berat dan harus dipindakan ke rawatan yang lebih internsif dengan intubasi dan ventilator. Peningkatan kasus Covid-19 yang sangat cepat menyebabkan berkurangnya sarana dan prasarana penunjang seperti alat intubasi dan ventilator sehingga diperlukan terapi non mekanis yang dapat menurunkan penggunaan terapi mekanis sehingga angka morbiditas dan mortalitas dapat ditekan. Salah satu terapi oksigen non mekanis adalah high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat dari terapi oksigen HFNC pada pasien kritis Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan pada literature review ini yaitu dengan kata kunci Medical Subject Headings (yaitu acute respiratory distress syndrome, covid-19, critically ill, high flow nasal cannula, hypoxemia). Dari hasil pencarian literasi menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 25 jurnal yang digunakan dalam karya ini. Pada banyak penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan terapi HFNC direkomendasikan sebagai terapi pasien kritis Covid-19 untuk mengurangi angka kejadian pasien dilakukan intubasi dan lama rawatan ICU. Terapi memiliki keuntungan fisiologis pada tubuh manusia. Keberhasilan penggunaan HFNC dapat diukur dengan indeks ROX. Indeks ROX > 4,88 menjadi ukuran untuk menentukan keberhasilan penggunaan HFNC pada pasien kritis Covid-19.
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