Resiko Penggunaan Captopril terhadap Kejadian Batuk Kering pada Pasien Hipertensi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v5i3.3075Keywords:
ACE-I, Captopril, Efek Samping, Batuk KeringAbstract
Batuk kering adalah salah satu efek samping yang umum terjadi pada pasien yang mengkonsumsi obat antihipertensi golongan Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE-I). Artikel review ini menyajikan bukti terkini tentang terjadinya efek samping dan mekanisme batuk kering yang terkait dengan penggunaan ACE-I. Batuk kering diperkirakan berasal dari berbagai mekanisme. Bradikinin adalah hipotesis yang paling sering diajukan. Strategi pengobatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan penggantian obat menjadi golongan ARB. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui resiko batuk kering pada pasien hipertensi setelah penggunaan ACE-I. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review melalui database jurnal dengan kasus tentang Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor dapat menginduksi terjadinya batuk kering. Penelitian dalam berbagai jurnal menyatakan bahwa penggunaan captopril dari golongan ACE-I dapat menyebabkan batuk kering karena obat golongan ACE-I menyebabkan bradikinin menjadi metabolit aktif dan terjadi penumpukan bradikinin. Selain itu, efek samping tersebut banyak terjadi pada wanita yang telah menopause, usia diatas 45 tahun dan pasien yang mengalami hipersensitivitas bronkus, serta riwayat asma juga memiliki resiko efek samping captopril. Efek samping tersebut mengakibatkan penggunaan captopril dapat digantikan dengan penggunaan golongan ARB. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dikumpulkan dari 20 jurnal, dapat dinyatakan bahwa captopril memiliki efek samping dengan persentase tertinggi pada batuk kering karena adanya peningkatan kadar bradikinin. Sehingga penggunaan obat antihipertensi golongan ACE-I dapat dihentikan dan digantikan dengan obat golongan ARB.
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