Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif pada Pasien Prolanis Klinik Pratama Arjuna Semarang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i1.3345Keywords:
Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Pendidikan, Obesitas, Hipertensi, DM, Gangguan Fungsi KoginitifAbstract
Penurunan fungsi kognitif biasanya terjadi pada orang lanjut usia (lansia). Beberapa faktor yang memengaruhinya antara lain: jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, faktor kesehatan, depresi dan indeks massa tubuh. Sekitar 55 juta orang di dunia menderita demensia, 60% tinggal di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Karena proporsi lansia dalam populasi meningkat di hampir setiap negara, jumlah ini diperkirakan akan terus meningkat. Klinik Pratama Arjuna terletak di Kota Semarang dengan pasien prolanis sebagian besar berusia di atas 60 tahun dan memiliki penyakit yang menjadi faktor risiko demensia. Deteksi dini terhadap demensia perlu dilakukan, supaya dapat diupayakan penanganan awal yang tepat. Menganalisis sejumlah faktor yang berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien prolanis Klinik Pratama Arjuna. Penelitian analitik observasional, sampel diambil secara acak. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan deskriptif univariat, analisis bivariat chi square dilanjutkan multivariat regresi logistik. Didapatkan 41 pasien yang diperiksa fungsi kognitifnya menggunakan tools MoCA-INA. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan pasien yang mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif (skor ?26) sebesar 53,7%. Frekuensi pasien yang mengalami gangguan pada masing-masing domain kognitif yaitu: visuospasial 28 orang (68,3%), memori 25 orang (61,0%), eksekutif 23 orang (56,1%), atensi 18 orang (43,9%), bahasa 16 orang (39,0%), abstraksi 12 orang (29,3%), naming 5 orang (12,2%), orientasi 4 orang (9,8%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan jenis kelamin dan pendidikan berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif (p<0,05). Usia, obesitas, hipertensi, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tidak berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan pendidikan merupakan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif (p<0,05, OR 2,583 (CI 95% 1,659-4,023).
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